Programming Fundamentals
Census Date
Reminder: This Sunday is Census Date, please chat to your tutor if you have any questions about it.
Revision Sessions
We will be running some revision sessions this week (Week 4) to help you catch up and consolidate course content we have covered so far! Revision sessions are flexible in its structure aimed to cater for the attendees of the session. Please sign up for the revision sessions via this link (Access code: "COMP1511").
The sessions will run:
- Week 4 Monday 9am - 11am (J17 Lvl 3 Sitar306 and Kora307)
- Week 4 Wednesday 12pm - 2pm - Online via Help Session Microsoft Teams
- Week 4 Friday 12pm - 2pm - Online via Help Session Microsoft Teams
Assignment 1
Reminder: Assignment 1 has been released, it is available on the course website here and is due Monday 21st October at 17:00. It is a recommendation that you start early and watch the Assignment 1 Livestream happening on Week 4 Tuesday, at 12:30pm online via the youtube link and will also be recorded.
Tutorial Overview:
- Part 1: Arrays Practice
- Part 2: Functions Practice
- Part 3: Style
Part 1: Arrays Practice
In this short section, we will discuss arrays, and complete a program to practice writing arrays.
Tutor Demo! (10 mins)
We have been provided the following program that intends to do the following steps but has some flaws.
- Create an integer array with at least 5 elements.
- Create a
while
loop which loops through every element of the array. - Write an
if
statement which adds 1 to each even value. Do this within thewhile
loop. - Write another while loop which goes through the array with a different iterator (i.e. if you used
i
last time, usej
) - Print out the values in the array.
// part1_arrays.c, odd_only
//
// Written by YOUR-NAME (YOUR-ZID)
// on TODAYS-DATE
//
// This program adds 1 to any odd element in an array and after prints
// all elements in the array
#include <stdio.h>
#define SIZE 5
int main(void) {
int array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int i = 0;
while (i < SIZE) {
if (array.i % 2 == 0) {
array.i += 1;
}
}
int j = 1;
while (j < SIZE) {
printf("%c ", array.j);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
We will go through and debug the program so it executes as expected.
Your turn! (10 mins)
Copy Array
- Create an array of doubles with 3 elements, each with a non-zero value.
- Create another array of doubles with 10 elements where every element initialised to
0.0
. - Create a while loop that loops through every element of the first array.
- Copy the elements of the first array into the second array (leave 0's at the end)
- Create a while loop that prints out all the elements of the second array.
Largest Character
- Create a character array with exactly 8 elements.
- Create a character variable called
largest_character
, equal to the first character of the array. - Create a while loop to loop through the character array.
- Create an if statement to check if the current character has a higher ascii value than "largest_character"
- Print out the largest character you've found.
Part 2: Functions Practice
Tutor Demo! (10 mins)
The parts of a function
return_type function_name(parameters) {
// function body
return value;
}
Your turn! (20 mins)
We have been provided a program which simulates a bubble tea shop and is very similar to last weeks coffee shop activity. All the code for the program is currently in the main
function and this task involved you working together to refactor the program to use a series of functions.
// bubble_tea.c
//
// Written by YOUR-NAME (YOUR-ZID) on TODAYS-DATE
//
// This program is a simple bubble tea store used to teach functions
#include <stdio.h>
#define LARGE 'L'
#define REGULAR 'R'
#define ADDED_COST 0.5
#define BASE_TEA 10
#define BASE_TOPPINGS 5
#define BASE_COST 6.5
// enum definitions
enum bubble_tea_type {
MILK_TEA,
FRUIT_TEA,
TARO_MILK,
MATCHA_LATTE,
};
enum topping_types {
TAPIOCA_PEARLS,
JELLY,
POPPING_PEARLS,
ALOE_VERA,
};
// struct definitions
struct bubble_tea {
enum bubble_tea_type type;
enum topping_types topping;
int topping_qty;
char size;
};
struct inventory {
int tea;
int toppings;
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////// FUNCTION PROTOYPES //////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// TODO: Add functions protoypes here
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////// MAIN FUCNTION ///////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int main(void) {
struct inventory inventory;
inventory.tea = BASE_TEA;
inventory.toppings = BASE_TOPPINGS;
// Take the user's bubble tea order
struct bubble_tea order;
int type;
printf("Enter bubble tea type (0: MILK TEA, 1: FRUIT TEA, 2: TARO MILK, "
"3: MATCHA LATTE): ");
scanf("%d", &type);
if (type == 0) {
order.type = MILK_TEA;
} else if (type == 1) {
order.type = FRUIT_TEA;
} else if (type == 2) {
order.type = TARO_MILK;
} else if (type == 3) {
order.type = MATCHA_LATTE;
}
printf("Enter topping (0: TAPIOCA PEARLS, 1: JELLY, 2: POPPING PEARLS, "
"3: ALOE VERA): ");
scanf("%d", &type);
if (type == 0) {
order.topping = TAPIOCA_PEARLS;
} else if (type == 1) {
order.topping = JELLY;
} else if (type == 2) {
order.topping = POPPING_PEARLS;
} else if (type == 3) {
order.topping = ALOE_VERA;
}
printf("Enter topping qty: ");
scanf("%d", &order.topping_qty);
printf("Enter size (L for Large, R for Regular): ");
scanf(" %c", &order.size);
// Check available stock and end the program if insufficient stock
if (inventory.tea - 1 <= 0 ||
inventory.toppings - order.topping_qty <= 0) {
printf("Sorry, we cannot fulfill your bubble tea order due to "
"insufficient stock.\n");
return 1;
}
// Calculate the cost
double total_cost = BASE_COST;
if (order.size == LARGE) {
total_cost += ADDED_COST;
}
if (order.type == MILK_TEA ||
order.type == TARO_MILK ||
order.type == MATCHA_LATTE) {
total_cost += ADDED_COST;
}
int count = 0;
while (count < order.topping_qty) {
total_cost += ADDED_COST;
count++;
}
// Print the final order and cost
printf("Order:\n");
printf("Type: %d\n", order.type);
printf("Topping Qty: %d\n", order.topping_qty);
printf("Size: %c\n", order.size);
printf("Total Cost: %.2lf\n", total_cost);
// Update the stock after fulfilling the order
if (order.size == LARGE) {
inventory.tea -= 2;
} else {
inventory.tea -= 1;
}
inventory.toppings -= order.topping_qty;
// Step 6: print the remining inventory
printf("The current inventory is: ");
printf("Bubble tea(s): %d\n", inventory.tea);
printf("Topping(s): %d\n", inventory.toppings);
return 0;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////// FUNCTION DEFINITIONS /////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// TODO: Write function definitionds here
Extra Tip: When to Create Your Own Functions?
In the above activity, we have seen functions created for the specific context. However, when you are creating your own functions, if you are unsure what code you should put into functions, here are some example operations that programmers often create functions for:
- Printing out values from an array
- Checking inputs from the user are valid (e.g. within a valid range of values)
- Modifying arrays in a specific way (e.g. sorting an array of ints in ascending order)
- Searching for a particular value in a collection such as an array
- Mathematical operations which require multiple lines of code
- Handling and printing error messages
- Memory allocation and value initialisation for a data structure (this will be addressed later in the term)
Part 3: Style (10 mins)
This Kahoot will cover points from the COMP1511 Style guide