Programming Fundamentals

• This page contains extra challenge exercises for week 03.
• These exercises are not compulsory, nor do they provide any marks in the course.
• These exercises are intended for students that want more challenge in the course.
• You cannot submit any of these exercises, however autotests are available for them (Command included at bottom of each exercise).

Write a program sawtooth.c that reads in two non-negative integers, a height and a length. The height represents how tall the sawtooth pattern will be and the length represents how long the sawtooth will be.

A sawtooth pattern looks like the below:

*     *     *     *     *     *
**    **    **    **    **    **
* *   * *   * *   * *   * *   * *
*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *
*   * *   * *   * *   * *   * *   *
*    **    **    **    **    **    *

In this example, the height is 6 and the length is 36

Examples

dcc sawtooth.c -o sawtooth
./sawtooth
Please enter the height of the sawtooth: 4
Please enter the length of the sawtooth: 16
*   *   *   *
**  **  **  **
* * * * * * * *
*  **  **  **  *
./sawtooth
Please enter the height of the sawtooth: 6
Please enter the length of the sawtooth: 36
*     *     *     *     *     *
**    **    **    **    **    **
* *   * *   * *   * *   * *   * *
*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *
*   * *   * *   * *   * *   * *   *
*    **    **    **    **    **    *

./sawtooth
Please enter the height of the sawtooth: 8
Please enter the length of the sawtooth: 45
*       *       *       *       *       *
**      **      **      **      **      **
* *     * *     * *     * *     * *     * *
*  *    *  *    *  *    *  *    *  *    *  *
*   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *
*    *  *    *  *    *  *    *  *    *  *
*     * *     * *     * *     * *     * *
*      **      **      **      **      **

Assumptions/Restrictions/Clarifications

• All heights will be non-negative integers
• All lengths will be positive integers. Although a length of 0 is possible, it can be interpreted differently and will not be tested.

// Program to print out a sawtooth pattern based on a given height and length.
// Written by Rory Golledge (September 2021)
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    int height;
    int length;

    printf("Please enter the height of the sawtooth: ");
    scanf("%d", &height);
    printf("Please enter the length of the sawtooth: ");
    scanf("%d", &length);

    int row = 0;
    while (row < height) {
        int col = 0;
        while (col < length) {
            if (row == col % height || col % height == 0) {
                printf("*");
            } else {
                printf(" ");
            }
            col++;
        }
        printf("\n");
        row++;
    }
    return 0;
}

Write a program called circle_generator.c that prompts the user to enter an integer r that corresponds to the radius of the circle. They will also be prompted as to whether the circle is hollow or not.

The program will then print a coloured circle of radius r with an outline.

Examples

dcc circle_generator.c -o circle_generator
./circle_generator
Please enter a radius: 4
Is the circle hollow? y
. . # # # # # . .
. # . . . . . # .
# . . . . . . . #
# . . . . . . . #
# . . . . . . . #
# . . . . . . . #
# . . . . . . . #
. # . . . . . # .
. . # # # # # . .
./circle_generator
Please enter a radius: 4
Is the circle hollow? n
. . # # # # # . .
. # * * * * * # .
# * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * #
. # * * * * * # .
. . # # # # # . .
./circle_generator
Please enter a radius: 15
Is the circle hollow? n
. . . . . . . . . . # # # # # # # # # # # . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . # # * * * * * * * * * * * # # . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # # . . . . . .
. . . . . # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # # . . . . .
. . . . # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # . . . .
. . . # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # . . .
. . # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # # . .
. . # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # . .
. # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # .
. # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # .
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
# * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #
. # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # .
. # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # .
. . # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # . .
. . # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # # . .
. . . # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # . . .
. . . . # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # . . . .
. . . . . # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # # . . . . .
. . . . . . # # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # # . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . # # * * * * * * * * * * * # # . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . # # # # # # # # # # # . . . . . . . . . .

Assumptions/Restrictions/Clarifications

• You can assume that the radius given is non-negative and valid
• You can assume that hollowness of the circle will be either 'y' or 'n'
• You can calculate the distance between two points by finding their Euclidean distance
• To determine if a point is in the border region of the circle, perform the following steps:
  1. Take the distance from the point to the center of the circle
  2. If the integer component of this distance is equal to the radius, the point is on the border
• #include <math.h> at the top of your code to use the sqrt() function. This function takes in a double and returns the square root of it
• You are not permitted to use an array in this exercise

</math.h>

// Program to print out an circle with various features
// input size.
// Written by Rory Golledge (March 2022)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void) {
    int radius;
    char is_hollow;

    printf("Please enter a radius: ");
    scanf("%d", &radius);
    printf("Is the circle hollow? ");
    scanf(" %c", &is_hollow);

    int row = -radius;
    while (row <= radius) {
        int col = -radius;
        while (col <= radius) {
            double dist = sqrt(row * row + col * col);
            if (is_hollow == 'n' && dist < radius) {
                printf("* ");
            } else if ((int)dist == radius) {
                printf("# ");
            } else {
                printf(". ");
            }
            col++;
        }
        printf("\n");
        row++;
    }

    return 0;
}

Write a program called numbered_hourglass.c that prompts the user to enter an integer n and prints an n x n pattern containing an hourglass. This hourglass will contain positive integers that decrease from the middle, all surrounded by hyphens "-".

For examples:

Please enter a size: 9
 - - - - - - - - -
 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -
 - - 2 2 2 2 2 - -
 - - - 3 3 3 - - -
 - - - - 4 - - - -
 - - - 3 3 3 - - -
 - - 2 2 2 2 2 - -
 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -
 - - - - - - - - -

This exercise is designed to give you practice with while loops and if statements. Do not use arrays for this exercise!

Examples

dcc numbered_hourglass.c -o numbered_hourglass
./numbered_hourglass
Please enter a size: 3
 - - -
 - 1 -
 - - -
./numbered_hourglass
Please enter a size: 7
 - - - - - - -
 - 1 1 1 1 1 -
 - - 2 2 2 - -
 - - - 3 - - -
 - - 2 2 2 - -
 - 1 1 1 1 1 -
 - - - - - - -
./numbered_hourglass
Please enter a size: 15
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -
 - - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - -
 - - - 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - -
 - - - - 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - -
 - - - - - 5 5 5 5 5 - - - - -
 - - - - - - 6 6 6 - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - 6 6 6 - - - - - -
 - - - - - 5 5 5 5 5 - - - - -
 - - - - 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - -
 - - - 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - -
 - - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - -
 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
./numbered_hourglass
Please enter a size: 25
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -
 - - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - -
 - - - 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - -
 - - - - 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - -
 - - - - - 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 - - - - -
 - - - - - - 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - - 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 - - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - - - 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 - - - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - - - -1010101010 - - - - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - - - - -111111 - - - - - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - - - - - -12 - - - - - - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - - - - -111111 - - - - - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - - - -1010101010 - - - - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - - - 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 - - - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - - 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 - - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - - 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 - - - - - - -
 - - - - - - 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 - - - - - -
 - - - - - 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 - - - - -
 - - - - 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - -
 - - - 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - -
 - - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - -
 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Assumptions/Restrictions/Clarifications

• You can assume that n will always be odd
• You can assume that n >= 3

// Program to print out an hourglass shape given an
// input size.
// Written by Rory Golledge (June 2021)

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    int input;
    printf("Please enter a size: ");
    scanf("%d", &input);

    int row = 0;
    while (row < input) {
        int col = 0;
        while (col < input) {
            // Take care of outlines
            if (row == 0 || row == input - 1) {
                printf(" -");
            }
            // Take care of Top-half triangle
            else if (row <= input / 2) {
                if (row <= col && row + col <= input - 1) {
                    printf("%2d", row);
                } else {
                    printf(" -");
                }
            }
            // Take care of Bottom-half triangle
            else {
                if (row >= col && row + col >= input - 1) {
                    printf("%2d", input - 1 - row);
                } else {
                    printf(" -");
                }
            }

            col++;
        }
        printf("\n");
        row++;
    }

    return 0;
}