Programming Fundamentals

// This program was written by Sophie Moeskops 6/6/26
// 
// This program scans in a character (either 'p' or 'o') indicating whether
// to calculate the serving size per person or the total amount of food
// required. It also scans in the number of people present.
//
// Depending on the selected calculation, the program prompts for additional
// information, performs the calculation, and prints the result.

#include <stdio.h>

// When naming #defines, use SHOUTING_SNAKE_CASE 
// (i.e all capital letters separated by underlines)
#define OVERALL_SERVING 'o'
#define PER_PERSON 'p'

int main(void) {

	int people;
	char calculate;
	int serving_size;
    int answer = 0;

    printf("Would you like to calculate servings per person or calculate overall food from servings given (p/o)? ");
    scanf(" %c", &calculate);
    printf("How many people are present? ");
    scanf("%d", &people);

    if (calculate == PER_PERSON) {
        printf("How much food do you have to split? ");
        scanf("%d", &serving_size);
    } else if (calculate == OVERALL_SERVING) {
        printf("How big is the serving per person? ");
        scanf("%d", &serving_size);     
    }

	if (calculate == OVERALL_SERVING) {
		answer = serving_size * people;
        printf("The amount of food needed is %d\n", answer);
	} else {
		answer = serving_size / people;
        printf("The serving per person is %d\n", answer);
	}

    return 0;
}

// This program was written by Sophie Moeskops 6/6/26
// This program will scan in a character (o/p) and will scan in a number (integer)
// and will print the int multiplied or divided by the last scanned in integer.

#include <stdio.h>

//When naming #defines use all capital letters
#define OVERALL_SERVING 'o'
#define PER_PERSON 'p'

int main(void) {

	int people;
	char calculate;
	double serving_size;
    double answer = 0;
    int children;

    printf("Would you like to calculate servings per person or calculate overall food from servings given (p/o)? ");
    scanf(" %c", &calculate);
    printf("How many people are present? ");
    scanf("%d", &people);
    printf("How many children are present? ");
    scanf("%d", &children);
    
    if (calculate == PER_PERSON) {
        printf("How much food do you have to split? ");
        scanf("%lf", &serving_size);
    } else if (calculate == OVERALL_SERVING) {
        printf("How big is the serving per person? ");
        scanf("%lf", &serving_size);     
    }

	if (calculate == OVERALL_SERVING) {
		answer = serving_size * people + 0.5 * serving_size * children;
        printf("The amount of food needed is %.2lf\n", answer);
	} else {
		answer = serving_size / (people + (children * 0.5));
        printf("The serving per person is %.2lf\n", answer);
	}
    return 0;
}

// This program should scan in a number and then print out the largest number
// between 1 and 5 (inclusive) that this number is divisible by.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    int number;

    printf("Scan in a number: ");
    scanf("%d", &number);
    
    if (number % 5 == 0){
        printf("The largest number between 1-5 that %d is divisible by is 5\n", number);
    } else if (number % 4 == 0) {
        printf("The largest number between 1-5 that %d is divisible by is 4\n", number);
    } else if (number % 3 == 0) {
        printf("The largest number between 1-5 that %d is divisible by is 3\n", number);
    } else if (number % 2 == 0) {
        printf("The largest number between 1-5 that %d is divisible by is 2\n", number);
    } else {
        printf("The largest number between 1-5 that %d is divisible by is 1\n", number);
    }
    
	return 0;
}

// This program should scan in the set temperature for the air conditioning
// system and store it in the corresponding struct field. It should then 
// determine the state of the system depending on the degree difference 
// between the set temperature and the current temperature.

#include <stdio.h>

#define ACTUAL_TEMP 30
#define SUPER_THRESHOLD 5

enum state {
    COOLING,
    HEATING,
    OFF,
    SUPER_COOL,
    SUPER_HEAT
};

struct system {
	enum state state;
	int set_temp;
	int actual_temp;
};

int main(void) {
	struct system system;
	
	printf("What temp do you want to set the room to? ");
	scanf("%d", &system.set_temp);
	system.actual_temp = ACTUAL_TEMP;
	
	if (system.actual_temp - system.set_temp >= SUPER_THRESHOLD) {
		system.state = SUPER_COOL;
	} else if (system.set_temp - system.actual_temp >= SUPER_THRESHOLD) {
		system.state = SUPER_HEAT;
	} else if (system.actual_temp > system.set_temp){
		system.state = COOLING;
	} else if (system.actual_temp < system.set_temp) {
		system.state = HEATING;
	} else {
		system.state = OFF;
	}
	
	printf("State of system:\n");
	printf("Outside temp: %d\n", system.actual_temp);
	printf("Set temp: %d\n", system.set_temp);
	printf("System state: ");
	
	if (system.state == SUPER_COOL) {
		printf("SUPER_COOL\n");
	} else if (system.state == SUPER_HEAT) {
		printf("SUPER_HEAT\n");
	} else if (system.state == COOLING){
		printf("COOLING\n");
	} else if (system.state == HEATING) {
		printf("HEATING\n");
	} else {
		printf("OFF\n");
	}
	
	return 0;
}

// This program will print out a half pyramid with a height of 10 rows.

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX 10

int main(void) {
    
	for(int i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {
        for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
            printf("*");
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

	return 0;
}

// Baking Ratios
// baking_ratios.c
//
// This program was written by Sophie Moeskops (5587745)
// on 20/6/26
//
// This program will scan in a double representing the final weight of a cooking
// batter in grams. Using the provided ratios, the program should calculate the
// required weight of each ingredient to make up the given batter amount and
// print it to the terminal to two decimal places.

#include <stdio.h>

#define FLOUR_RATIO 0.08
#define SUGAR_RATIO 0.35
#define EGG_RATIO 0.2
#define CHOCOLATE_RATIO 0.12
#define BUTTER_RATIO 0.25

int main(void) {

	// Declare the double to hold the weight in grams
	double total_weight;

	// Print user prompt
	printf("Please enter the final batter weight in grams: ");

	// Scan in the weight from the terminal
	scanf("%lf", &total_weight);

	// Calculate the ingredient weights using the provided ratios and print these values
	printf("The flour weight needed is: %.2lf\n", total_weight * FLOUR_RATIO);
	printf("The sugar weight needed is: %.2lf\n", total_weight * SUGAR_RATIO);
	printf("The egg weight needed is: %.2lf\n", total_weight * EGG_RATIO);
	printf("The chocolate weight needed is: %.2lf\n", total_weight * CHOCOLATE_RATIO);
	printf("The butter weight needed is: %.2lf\n", total_weight * BUTTER_RATIO);

	return 0;
}

// Carnival
// carnival.c
//
// This program was written by Sophie Moeskops (5587745)
// on 21/6/26
//
// This program should create a carnival struct containing the booth
// information. The snack offered should be scanned in by the user, while the
// remaining information is provided as constants and all booth information
// should then be printed.

#include <stdio.h>

#define TICKET_PRICE 5.00
#define BOOTH_NUMBER 124

struct carnival {
	double ticket_price;
	char snack_offered;
	int booth_number;
};

int main(void) {
    //declare a variable of type struct carnival
    struct carnival carnival;

    //assign the ticket price and booth number
    carnival.ticket_price = TICKET_PRICE;
    carnival.booth_number = BOOTH_NUMBER;

    //scan in snack offered (p for popcorn, c for chips and h for hotdogs
    printf("Booth snack offered (p = popcorn, c = chips, h = hotdogs): ");
    scanf("%c", &carnival.snack_offered);

    //print student details
    printf("Carnival Booth Details:\n");
    printf("Ticket price is %.3lf\n", carnival.ticket_price);
    printf("Booth number is %d\n", carnival.booth_number);
	  
    if (carnival.snack_offered == 'p') {
        printf("Carnival booth snack offered is: POPCORN\n");
    } else if (carnival.snack_offered == 'c') {
        printf("Carnival booth snack offered is: CHIPS\n");
    } else {
        printf("Carnival booth snack offered is: HOTDOGS\n");
    }

	return 0;
}

// Number Challenge
// number_challenge.c
//
// This program was written by Sophie Moeskops (z5587745)
// on 21/6/26
//
// This program scans in a number and determines if that number satisfies the 
// number challenge. For a number to satisfy the challenge, it has to be 
// divisible by 3 but not by 300. 

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    
    // Prompts the user to enter a number 
    printf("Welcome to the Number Challenge.\n");
    printf("What number do you want to check? ");
    
    int num;
    // Repeatedly scan the number into an integer variable using a while loop
    while(scanf("%d", &num) == 1) {
        
        // Use if statements to check if the number works
        if (num % 300 == 0) {
            printf("The number does not work\n");
        } else if (num % 3 == 0) {
            printf("That number works!\n");
        } else {
            printf("The number does not work\n");
        }

        //Reprint the prompt from to the user
        printf("What number do you want to check? ");
    } 
    
    printf("\n");

	return 0;
}

// Upside Down Pyramid
// upside_down_pyramid.c
//
// This program was written by Sophie Moeskops (z5587745)
// on 21/6/26
//
// This program should print an upside down left triangle with a height
// of 10 rows strictly using for loops.

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX 10

int main(void) {
    
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {
        for(int j = 0; (i + j) < MAX; j++) {
            printf("x");
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    
	return 0;
}

// upside_down_pyramid_two
// upside_down_pyramid_two.c
//
// This program was written by Sophie Moeskops (z5587745)
// on 21/6/26
//
// This program should print an upside down left triangle with a height
// of 10 rows strictly using while loops.

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX 10

int main(void) {
    
    int i = 0;
    while (i < MAX) {
        
        int j = 0;
        while((i + j) < MAX) {
            printf("x");
            j++;
        }

        printf("\n");
        i++;
    }
    
	return 0;
}

// Solar Car Debug
// solar_car.c
//
// This program was written by Sophie Moeskops (z5587745)
// on 26/6/26
//
// This program should scan in information about a solar car including it's 
// mode, speed and the distances between chargers that it has travelled
// and print out the solar car's information to the terminal.

#include <stdio.h>

enum state {
    DRIVE,
    SOLAR,
    OFF,
    MAINTENANCE_MODE,
    CRUISE_MODE
};

struct car {
    enum state state;
    double speed;
    int distance;
};

int main(void) {
    int state;
    struct car solar_car; // BUG: Incomplete struct data type given

    printf("What mode is the car in (DRIVE = 0, SOLAR = 1, OFF = 2, MAINTENANCE_MODE = 3, CRUISE_MODE = 4)? ");
    scanf("%d", &state); // BUG: Missing & for scanf

    // BUG: All if statements using = instead of ==
    if (state == 0) {
		solar_car.state = DRIVE;
	} else if (state == 1) {
		solar_car.state = SOLAR;
	} else if (state == 2){
		solar_car.state = OFF;
	} else if (state == 3) {
		solar_car.state = MAINTENANCE_MODE;
	} else {
		solar_car.state = CRUISE_MODE;
	}

    printf("What speed is the car going? ");
    scanf("%lf", &solar_car.speed); // BUG: Used %d instead of %lf
    // BUG: && instead of ||
    if (solar_car.state == MAINTENANCE_MODE || solar_car.state == OFF) {
        printf("No no silly, the speed is 0\n");
        solar_car.speed = 0;
    }

    printf("Please enter the 5 distances between the chargers that the car has traveled? ");
    int i = 0;
    int sum = 0;
    solar_car.distance = 0; // BUG: Distance not initialised
    while (i < 5) {
        scanf("%d", &sum);
        solar_car.distance = solar_car.distance + sum;
        i++; // BUG: Missing increment
    }

    printf("Solar Car Information:\n");
    printf("Speed: %.2lf\n", solar_car.speed);
    printf("Distance travelled: %d\n", solar_car.distance);
    printf("State: ");
    if (solar_car.state == DRIVE) {
        printf("DRIVE\n");
    } else if (solar_car.state == SOLAR){
        printf("SOLAR\n");
    } else if (solar_car.state == OFF) {
        printf("OFF\n");
    } else if (solar_car.state == MAINTENANCE_MODE){
        printf("MAINTENANCE_MODE\n");
    } else {
        printf("CRUISE_MODE\n");     
    }

	return 0;
}

// Counting Chickens
// counting_chickens.c
//
// This program was written by Sophie Moeskops (z5587745)
// on 21/6/26
//
// Counts eggs laid in a week and calculates what can be baked and cooked

#include <stdio.h>

#define DAYS 7

int main(void) {
    char laid;
    
    printf("Did the chicken lay this week (y/n)? ");
    
    while(scanf(" %c", &laid) == 1 && laid == 'y') {
        
        int sum = 0;
        printf("Amount of eggs laid each day: ");
        for(int i = 0; i < DAYS; i++) {
            int num;
            scanf("%d", &num);
            sum = sum + num;
        }
        
        printf("This Week's Baking:\n");
        
        int quiche = sum / 6;
        printf("Quiches: %d\n", quiche);

        int pies = (sum % 6) / 3;
        printf("Pies: %d\n", pies);

        int cupcakes = (sum % 3) / 2;
        printf("Cupcakes: %d\n", cupcakes);

        int omelette = ((sum % 3) % 2);
        printf("Omelettes: %d\n", omelette);
        
        printf("End of the week\n\n");
        printf("Did the chicken lay this week (y/n)? ");
    }

	return 0;
}

// Problems with the weather
// weather_problems.c
//
// This program was written by Sophie Moeskops (z5587745)
// on 21/6/26
//
// This program scans in information about the weather including the temperature,
// whether it is rainy or sunny and whether it is windy. The program should then 
// print the recommended clothing for that weather!

#include <stdio.h>

#define TEMP_THRESHOLD 22
#define RAIN 'r'
#define SUN 's'
#define WIND 'y'
#define NO_WIND 'n'

int main(void) {
    int temp;
    char windy;
    char rain;

    printf("What is the temperature? ");
    scanf("%d", &temp);
    printf("Is it rainy or sunny (r/s)? ");
    scanf(" %c", &rain);
    printf("Is it windy (y/n)? ");
    scanf(" %c", &windy);

    if (temp >= TEMP_THRESHOLD && rain == SUN && windy == NO_WIND) {
        printf("Wear shorts and a t-shirt.\n");
    } else if (temp >= TEMP_THRESHOLD && rain == SUN && windy == WIND) {
        printf("Wear a light jacket.\n");
    } else if (temp >= TEMP_THRESHOLD && rain == RAIN && windy == WIND) {
        printf("Wear a light raincoat.\n");
    } else if (temp < TEMP_THRESHOLD && rain == SUN && windy == NO_WIND) {
        printf("Wear jeans and a warm jacket.\n");
    } else if (temp < TEMP_THRESHOLD && rain == SUN && windy == WIND) {
        printf("Wear a heavy coat and a scarf.\n");
    } else if (temp >= TEMP_THRESHOLD && rain == RAIN && windy == NO_WIND) {
        printf("Bring an umbrella.\n");
    } else if (temp < TEMP_THRESHOLD && rain == RAIN && windy == NO_WIND) {
        printf("Bring an umbrella and jacket.\n");
    } else {
        printf("Wear a heavy raincoat.\n");       
    }

	return 0;
}