A Parity Game Tale of Two Counters

Tom van Dijk
(University of Twente)

Parity games are simple infinite games played on finite graphs with a winning condition that is expressive enough to capture nested least and greatest fixpoints. Through their tight relationship to the modal mu-calculus, they are used in practice for the model-checking and synthesis problems of the mu-calculus and related temporal logics like LTL and CTL. Solving parity games is a compelling complexity theoretic problem, as the problem lies in the intersection of UP and co-UP and is believed to admit a polynomial-time solution, motivating researchers to either find such a solution or to find superpolynomial lower bounds for existing algorithms to improve the understanding of parity games.

We present a parameterized parity game called the Two Counters game, which provides an exponential lower bound for a wide range of attractor-based parity game solving algorithms. We are the first to provide an exponential lower bound to priority promotion with the delayed promotion policy, and the first to provide such a lower bound to tangle learning.

In Jérôme Leroux and Jean-Francois Raskin: Proceedings Tenth International Symposium on Games, Automata, Logics, and Formal Verification (GandALF 2019), Bordeaux, France, 2-3rd September 2019, Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 305, pp. 107–122.
Published: 18th September 2019.

ArXived at: https://dx.doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.305.8 bibtex PDF
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