Each unspecified A_i contributes d_i *'s.

Total number of *'s is   s  =  ∑_{i ∉ Q} d_i.

⇒ Number of pages to read is   2^s  =  ∏_{i ∉ Q} 2^d_i.

Ignoring overflows, Cost(Q) = 2^s    (where s is determined by Q)

Including overflows, Cost(Q) = 2^s(1+Ov)