Week 02 Laboratory Exercises

Objectives

  • learning to run MIPS programs with mipsy and mipsy-web
  • understanding MIPS I/O (syscalls)
  • understanding MIPS control instructions (branch)

Preparation

Before the lab you should re-read the relevant lecture slides and their accompanying examples.

Getting Started

Set up for the lab by creating a new directory called lab02 and changing to this directory. 
mkdir lab02
cd lab02

There are some provided files for this lab which you can fetch with this command: 

1521 fetch lab02

If you're not working at CSE, you can download the provided files as a zip file or a tar file.

Exercise — individual:
MIPS Grading

In the files for this lab, you have been given grade.s, a MIPS assembler program which reads a number and always prints FL: 

1521 mipsy grade.s
Enter a mark: 100
FL

Add code to grade.s to make it equivalent to this C program: 

// read a mark and print the corresponding UNSW grade

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    int mark;

    printf("Enter a mark: ");
    scanf("%d", &mark);

    if (mark < 50) {
        printf("FL\n");
    } else if (mark < 65) {
        printf("PS\n");
    } else if (mark < 75) {
        printf("CR\n");
    } else if (mark < 85) {
        printf("DN\n");
    } else {
        printf("HD\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

For example: 

1521 mipsy grade.s
Enter a mark: 42
FL
1521 mipsy grade.s
Enter a mark: 72
CR
1521 mipsy grade.s
Enter a mark: 89
HD

When you think your program is working, you can use autotest to run some simple automated tests: 

1521 autotest grade

When you are finished working on this exercise, you must submit your work by running give: 

give cs1521 lab02_grade grade.s

You must run give before Tuesday 27 February 12:00 (midday) (2024-02-27 12:00:00) to obtain the marks for this lab exercise. Note that this is an individual exercise, the work you submit with give must be entirely your own.

Exercise — individual:
MIPS Counting

In the files for this lab, you have been given a MIPS assembler program count.s, which reads a number and prints 42: 

1521 mipsy count.s
Enter a number: 13
42

Add code to count.s to make it equivalent to this C program: 

// read a number n and print the integers 1..n one per line

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    int number, i;

    printf("Enter a number: ");
    scanf("%d", &number);

    i = 1;
    while (i <= number) {
        printf("%d\n", i);
        i = i + 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

For example: 

1521 mipsy count.s
Enter a number: 4
1
2
3
4
1521 mipsy count.s
Enter a number: 10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

When you think your program is working, you can use autotest to run some simple automated tests: 

1521 autotest count

When you are finished working on this exercise, you must submit your work by running give: 

give cs1521 lab02_count count.s

You must run give before Tuesday 27 February 12:00 (midday) (2024-02-27 12:00:00) to obtain the marks for this lab exercise. Note that this is an individual exercise, the work you submit with give must be entirely your own.

Exercise — individual:
MIPS 7-Eleven

In the files for this lab, you have been given seven_eleven.s, a MIPS assembler program which reads a number and prints 42: 

1521 mipsy seven_eleven.s
Enter a number: 13
42

Add code to seven_eleven.s to make it equivalent to this C program: 

// Read a number and print positive multiples of 7 or 11 < n

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    int number, i;

    printf("Enter a number: ");
    scanf("%d", &number);

    i = 1;
    while (i < number) {
        if (i % 7 == 0 || i % 11 == 0) {
            printf("%d\n", i);
        }
        i = i + 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

For example: 

1521 mipsy seven_eleven.s
Enter a number: 15
7
11
14
1521 mipsy seven_eleven.s
Enter a number: 42
7
11
14
21
22
28
33
35

When you think your program is working, you can use autotest to run some simple automated tests: 

1521 autotest seven_eleven

When you are finished working on this exercise, you must submit your work by running give: 

give cs1521 lab02_seven_eleven seven_eleven.s

You must run give before Tuesday 27 February 12:00 (midday) (2024-02-27 12:00:00) to obtain the marks for this lab exercise. Note that this is an individual exercise, the work you submit with give must be entirely your own.

Exercise — individual:
MIPS Sequence

In the files for this lab, you have been given a MIPS assembler program sequence.s, which reads a number and prints 42: 

1521 mipsy sequence.s
Enter the starting number: 13
42

Add code to sequence.s to make it equivalent to this C program: 

// Read three numbers `start`, `stop`, `step`
// Print the integers between `start` and `stop` moving in increments of size `step`

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    int start, stop, step;

    printf("Enter the starting number: ");
    scanf("%d", &start);

    printf("Enter the stopping number: ");
    scanf("%d", &stop);

    printf("Enter the step size: ");
    scanf("%d", &step);

    if (stop < start) {
        if (step < 0) {
            for (int i = start; i >= stop; i += step) {
                printf("%d\n", i);
            }
        }
    }

    if (stop > start) {
        if (step > 0) {
            for (int i = start; i <= stop; i += step) {
                printf("%d\n", i);
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

For example: 

1521 mipsy sequence.s
Enter the starting number: 1
Enter the stopping number: 10
Enter the step size: 2
1
3
5
7
9
1521 mipsy sequence.s
Enter the starting number: 1
Enter the stopping number: -10
Enter the step size: -2
1
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9

When you think your program is working, you can use autotest to run some simple automated tests: 

1521 autotest sequence

When you are finished working on this exercise, you must submit your work by running give: 

give cs1521 lab02_sequence sequence.s

You must run give before Tuesday 27 February 12:00 (midday) (2024-02-27 12:00:00) to obtain the marks for this lab exercise. Note that this is an individual exercise, the work you submit with give must be entirely your own.

Challenge Exercise — individual:
MIPS Tetrahedra

In the files for this lab, you have been given tetrahedral.s, a MIPS assembler program that reads a number and prints 42: 

1521 mipsy tetrahedral.s
Enter a number: 42
42

Add code to tetrahedral.s to make it equivalent to this C program: 

// Read a number n and print the first n tetrahedral numbers
// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedral_number

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    int i, j, n, total, how_many;

    printf("Enter how many: ");
    scanf("%d", &how_many);

    n = 1;

    while (n <= how_many) {
        total = 0;
        j = 1;

        while (j <= n) {
            i = 1;
            while (i <= j) {
                total = total + i;
                i = i + 1;
            }
            j = j + 1;
        }
        printf("%d\n", total);
        n = n + 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

For example: 

1521 mipsy tetrahedral.s
Enter how many: 5
1
4
10
20
35
1521 mipsy tetrahedral.s
Enter how many: 12
1
4
10
20
35
56
84
120
165
220
286
364

When you think your program is working, you can use autotest to run some simple automated tests: 

1521 autotest tetrahedral

When you are finished working on this exercise, you must submit your work by running give: 

give cs1521 lab02_tetrahedral tetrahedral.s

You must run give before Tuesday 27 February 12:00 (midday) (2024-02-27 12:00:00) to obtain the marks for this lab exercise. Note that this is an individual exercise, the work you submit with give must be entirely your own.

Challenge Exercise — individual:
Read & Execute MIPS Instructions

Write a MIPS assembler program dynamic_load.s which reads MIPS instructions as signed decimal integers until it reads the value -1, then executes the instructions.

dynamic_load.s should read instructions until it reads the value -1.

dynamic_load.s should then print a message, load the instructions, print another message, exactly as in the examples below.

For example, below is a tiny MIPS assembler program which prints 42. The comment on each line shows how the instruction is encoded, as a hexadecimal and as a signed decimal integer; it is this signed integer value that your program will read. 

li $a0, 42  # 3404002a    872677418
li $v0, 1   # 34020001    872546305
syscall     # 0000000c           12
jr $ra      # 03e00008     65011720

This is what dynamic_load.s must do. 

1521 mipsy dynamic_load.s
Enter mips instructions as integers, -1 to finish:
872677418
872546305
12
65011720
-1
Starting executing instructions
42Finished executing instructions

The supplied files for the lab include files containing the instructions for some MIPS assembler programs from lectures. You can use these to test your program; for example: 

cat add.instructions
872939537
873005081
19419168
663585
872546305
12
872677386
872546315
12
65011720
-1
1521 mipsy dynamic_load.s <add.instructions
Enter mips instructions as integers, -1 to finish:
Starting executing instructions
42
Finished executing instructions
1521 mipsy dynamic_load.s <print10.instructions
Enter mips instructions as integers, -1 to finish:
Starting executing instructions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Finished executing instructions
1521 mipsy dynamic_load.s <sum_100_squares.instructions
Enter mips instructions as integers, -1 to finish:
Starting executing instructions
338350
Finished executing instructions

If you want to experiment with your own tests, this command will give you any MIPS program as integers. 

1521 mips_instructions 42.s
537133098
537001985
12
537133066
537001995
12
65011720
-1

If you want to try creating your own test cases, here is some MIPS assembler that prints a message without using initialized data: 

# print a string without using pre-initialized data
# for the dynamic load challenge exercise

main:
    li   $a0, 'H'       # printf("%c", 'Hi');
    li   $v0, 11
    syscall

    li   $a0, 'i'       # printf("%c", 'i');
    li   $v0, 11
    syscall

    li   $a0, '\n'      # printf("%c", '\n');
    li   $v0, 11
    syscall

    jr   $ra

When you think your program is working, you can use autotest to run some simple automated tests: 

1521 autotest dynamic_load

When you are finished working on this exercise, you must submit your work by running give: 

give cs1521 lab02_dynamic_load dynamic_load.s

You must run give before Tuesday 27 February 12:00 (midday) (2024-02-27 12:00:00) to obtain the marks for this lab exercise. Note that this is an individual exercise, the work you submit with give must be entirely your own.

Submission

When you are finished each exercises make sure you submit your work by running give.

You can run give multiple times. Only your last submission will be marked.

Don't submit any exercises you haven't attempted.

If you are working at home, you may find it more convenient to upload your work via give's web interface.

Remember you have until Week 3 Tuesday 12:00:00 (midday) to submit your work without receiving a late penalty.

You cannot obtain marks by e-mailing your code to tutors or lecturers.

You check the files you have submitted here.

Automarking will be run by the lecturer several days after the submission deadline, using test cases different to those autotest runs for you. (Hint: do your own testing as well as running autotest.)

After automarking is run by the lecturer you can view your results here. The resulting mark will also be available via give's web interface.

Lab Marks

When all components of a lab are automarked you should be able to view the the marks via give's web interface or by running this command on a CSE machine: 

1521 classrun -sturec