Published: 7th October 2012
DOI: 10.4204/EPTCS.96
ISSN: 2075-2180

EPTCS 96

Proceedings Third International Symposium on
Games, Automata, Logics and Formal Verification
Napoli, Italy, September 6-8, 2012

Edited by: Marco Faella and Aniello Murano

Preface
Invited Presentation: Biological Networks on (a Lattice of) Hybrid Automata
Alberto Policriti and Luca Bortolussi
Invited Presentation: Automata-theoretic hierarchies
Damian Niwiński
Invited Presentation: Multi-dimension Quantitative Games: Complexity and Strategy Synthesis
Jean-François Raskin
Invited Presentation: Constructive decision theory: Decision theory with subjective states and outcomes
Joe Halpern
Modelling Implicit Communication in Multi-Agent Systems with Hybrid Input/Output Automata
Marta Capiluppi and Roberto Segala
1
Rapid Recovery for Systems with Scarce Faults
Chung-Hao Huang, Doron Peled, Sven Schewe and Farn Wang
15
Interface Simulation Distances
Pavol Černý, Martin Chmelík, Thomas A. Henzinger and Arjun Radhakrishna
29
Model-Checking Process Equivalences
Martin Lange, Etienne Lozes and Manuel Vargas Guzmán
43
Can Nondeterminism Help Complementation?
Yang Cai and Ting Zhang
57
Learn with SAT to Minimize Büchi Automata
Stephan Barth and Martin Hofmann
71
Automata-based Static Analysis of XML Document Adaptation
Alessandro Solimando, Giorgio Delzanno and Giovanna Guerrini
85
Symbolic Representation of Algorithmic Game Semantics
Aleksandar S. Dimovski
99
The μ-Calculus Alternation Hierarchy Collapses over Structures with Restricted Connectivity
Julian Gutierrez, Felix Klaedtke and Martin Lange
113
Deciding KAT and Hoare Logic with Derivatives
Ricardo Almeida, Sabine Broda and Nelma Moreira
127
Satisfiability vs. Finite Satisfiability in Elementary Modal Logics
Jakub Michaliszyn, Jan Otop and Piotr Witkowski
141
Interval Temporal Logics over Strongly Discrete Linear Orders: the Complete Picture
Davide Bresolin, Dario Della Monica, Angelo Montanari, Pietro Sala and Guido Sciavicco
155
Down the Borel Hierarchy: Solving Muller Games via Safety Games
Daniel Neider, Roman Rabinovich and Martin Zimmermann
169
Playing Pushdown Parity Games in a Hurry
Wladimir Fridman and Martin Zimmermann
183
The discrete strategy improvement algorithm for parity games and complexity measures for directed graphs
Felix Canavoi, Erich Grädel and Roman Rabinovich
197
Higher-Order Pushdown Systems with Data
Paweł Parys
210
A decidable quantified fragment of set theory with ordered pairs and some undecidable extensions
Domenico Cantone and Cristiano Longo
224
A Myhill-Nerode theorem for automata with advice
Alex Kruckman, Sasha Rubin, John Sheridan and Ben Zax
238
Unambiguous Tree Languages Are Topologically Harder Than Deterministic Ones
Szczepan Hummel
247

Preface

This volume contains the proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Games, Automata, Logic and Formal Verification (GandALF), held in Naples (Italy) from September 6th to 8th, 2012. GandALF was founded by a number of Italian computer scientists interested in mathematical logic, automata theory, game theory, and their applications to the specification, design, and verification of complex systems. Its aim is to provide a forum where people from different areas, and possibly with different backgrounds, can fruitfully interact. Even though the idea of the symposium emerged within the Italian research community, the event has a truly international nature, as witnessed by the composition of the conference committees and the programme. This year GandALF has hosted four invited talks, three of which were shared with the co-located Annual Workshop of the ESF Networking Programme on Games for Design and Verification: Moreover, the program committee selected 19 contributed talks among 39 submissions. Each paper has been revised by at least three referees and the papers have been selected according to originality, quality, and relevance to the topics of the symposium.

We would like to acknowledge the people, institutions, and companies which contributed to the success of this edition of GandALF.

Let us first thank the Advisory Board and the Steering Committee for giving us the opportunity and the honor to supervise GandALF 2012. Many thanks go to all the Program Committee members and the additional reviewers for their excellent work, the fruitful discussions and the active participation during the reviewing process. companies and all the members of the Organizing Committee for the great work.

Moreover, we would like to acknowledge the EasyChair organization for supporting all the tasks related to the selection of contributions, and EPTCS for hosting the proceedings. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the financial support to GandALF 2012 from private and public sponsors, including the Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", the Gruppo Nazionale per il Calcolo Scientifico, the Comune di Napoli, and the company Gruppo Tufano.

September 2012,
Marco Faella and Aniello Murano

Program Chairs

Program Committee

Steering Committee

Advisory Board

Organizing Committee

Additional Referees

Francesco Alberti, Henning Bordihn, Davide Bresolin, Gianfranco Ciardo, Ene Cristian, Giovanna D'Agostino, Aldric Degorre, Dario Della Monica, Laurent Doyen, John Fearnley, Grigory Fedyukovich, Olivier Finkel, Seth Fogarty, Dominik D. Freydenberger, Olivier Gauwin, Raffaella Gentilini, Stefan Göller, Antti Hyvärinen, Salvatore La Torre, Kamal Lodaya, Damiano Macedonio, Dejan Nickovic, Eugenio Omodeo, Mimmo Parente, Soumya Paul, Samuel Rota Bulò, Sylvain Salvati, Olivier Serre, Anil Seth, Sunil Easaw Simon, Ramesh Viswanathan, Josef Widder, Konrad Zdanowski, and Florian Zuleger.

Biological Networks on (a Lattice of) Hybrid Automata

Alberto Policriti (Università di Udine, Italy)
Luca Bortolussi (Università di Trieste, Italy)

We discuss the problem of designing and implementing formalisms suitable to represent continuous and discrete evolving processes, operating in a combined and cooperating fashion and capable to encompass some level of stochastic behavior. In this context we present a language allowing to write programs used, for example, to simulate Biological Networks and incorporating the possibility to model stochastic interactions. The language we employ is stochastic Concurrent Constraint Programming (sCCP), a stochastic process algebra admitting a semantics given in terms of stochastic Hybrid Automata with piecewise deterministic continuous dynamics. We then proceed outlining a framework in which it is possible to associate to each sCCP program, a collection of different hybrid models. The stochastic Hybrid Automata associated to a given sCCP program can be presented in a lattice, in which the position is determined by the degrees of discreteness and stochasticity to be found in the automaton. We conclude discussing some interesting properties of the automata in this lattice and observing, for example, how different discretization strategies naturally correspond to different implementation schemata for the same program.


Automata-theoretic hierarchies

Damian Niwiński (University of Warsaw, Poland)

Hierarchies appear in many places in computer science, as a tool to classify objects according to their complexity. For automata on infinite words and trees, a relevant complexity measure is the Rabin-Mostowski index of the acceptance condition. The strictness of the induced index hierarchy for alternating automata on infinite trees has been a major open problem eventually solved by Bradfield in 1998. We show a somewhat simpler argument here, based on an analogy with deterministic automata on infinite words via suitable games. We also present the state-of-the-art regarding the separation and reduction properties, which in classical examples orientate the hierarchies (Π vs. Σ). We will outline the connections between the automata-theoretic hierarchies and other hierarchies in the literature, in particular in the μ-calculus and descriptive set theory, and point to some intriguing open problems concerning decidability issues.


Multi-dimension Quantitative Games: Complexity and Strategy Synthesis

Jean-François Raskin (Université Libre de Bruxelles, U.L.B., Belgium)

In mean-payoff games, the objective of the protagonist is to ensure that the limit average of an infinite sequence of numeric weights is nonnegative. In energy games, the objective is to ensure that the running sum of weights is always nonnegative. Multi-mean-payoff and multi-energy games replace individual weights by tuples, and the limit average (resp. running sum) of each coordinate must be (resp. remain) nonnegative. These games have applications in the synthesis of resource-bounded processes with multiple resources. In this talk, I will summarize several recent results that we have obtained recently:


Constructive decision theory: Decision theory with subjective states and outcomes

Joe Halpern (Cornell University, USA)

The standard approach in decision theory (going back to Savage) is to place a preference order on acts, where an act is a function from states to outcomes. If the preference order satisfies appropriate postulates, then the decision maker can be viewed as acting as if he has a probability on states and a utility function on outcomes, and is maximizing expected utility. This framework implicitly assumes that the decision maker knows what the states and outcomes are. That isn't reasonable in a complex situation. For example, in trying to decide whether or not to attack Iraq, what are the states and what are the outcomes? We redo Savage viewing acts essentially as syntactic programs. We don't need to assume either states or outcomes. However, among other things, we can get representation theorems in the spirit of Savage's theorems; for Savage, the agent's probability and utility are subjective; for us, in addition to the probability and utility being subjective, so is the state space and the outcome space. I discuss the benefits, both conceptual and pragmatic, of this approach. As I show, among other things, it provides an elegant solution to framing problems.

No prior knowledge of Savage's work is assumed. Further details can be found in the following paper:
L. Blume, D. Easley, and J. Y. Halpern. Redoing the foundations of decision theory. In Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proc. Tenth International Conference (KR 2006), pages 14--24, 2006. A longer version, with the title "Constructive decision theory", is available online.