// Example of using string functions from string.h library
// strings can get a bit tricky and messy in C
// It is easy to overflow buffers or lose our '\0' characters!

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_LENGTH 100

int main(void) {
    // Declare an array to store a string
    char puppy[MAX_LENGTH] = "Boots";

    printf("%s\n", puppy);
 
    // Copy the string "Finn" into the word array
    // strncpy will truncate the string if it is too long
    // this is safer than using strcpy which can cause buffer overflow
    // We use MAX_LENGTH - 1 as we need to be careful we still 
    // have room for a '\0' character
    // even if we can't copy over the whole string
    // strncpy does not take care of that like fgets does
    
    strncpy(puppy, "Finn", MAX_LENGTH - 1);
    // We already have a '\0' at puppy[99] as we initialised it on 
    // line 8 but lets do this anyway to be careful
    puppy[MAX_LENGTH - 1] = '\0'; 


    printf("%s\n", puppy);

    // Find string length. It does NOT include '\0' in the length
    int len = strlen(puppy);
    printf("%s has length %d\n", puppy, len);


    // Declare an array to store a string
    char name[] = "Oscar";

    // Use strcmp to compare 2 strings
    // It will return 0 if the strings are equal
    // A negative number if the first string < second string
    // A positive number if the first string > second string
    int comparison = strcmp("Oscar", name);
    printf("Are the 2 strings the same? %d\n", comparison);
    if (strcmp("Oscar", name) == 0) {
        printf("%s equals %s\n","Oscar", name);
    } else if (comparison < 0 ){
        printf("%s < %s\n", "Oscar", name);
    } else {
         printf("%s > %s\n", "Oscar", name);
    }

    comparison = strcmp(name, "Edgar");
    printf("Are the 2 strings the same? %d\n", comparison);
    if (comparison == 0) {
        printf("%s equals %s\n", name, "Edgar");
    } else if (comparison < 0 ){
        printf("%s < %s\n", name, "Edgar");
    } else {
         printf("%s > %s\n", name, "Edgar");
    }

    // Declare an array to store a string
    char city[MAX_LENGTH];
    printf("\nType in the name of a city: ");

    // Read in a string
    fgets(city, MAX_LENGTH, stdin);
    len = strlen(city);
    if (city[len - 1] == '\n') {
        city[len - 1] = '\0';
    }

    // Use strcmp to compare 2 strings
    if (strcmp("Sydney", city) == 0) {
        printf("I live in Sydney!\n");
    }

    return 0;
}